December 2025 ended without the usual Christmas rally in the financial markets. For once, the overall index posted an uninspiring performance of -0,15%*. The last month of the year was divided into two distinct phases: a decline then a final rally. While sparks were lacking at the very end of the year, 2025 nonetheless ended on a strong note, with global equity markets gaining nearly 8%*. They turned in a good performance overall, particularly in Europe.
However, there was a clear divergence in regional performance in December. This time, the US markets lagged (-1%*), while European and emerging markets fared well, gaining 2,67%* and 1,82%* respectively. Investors seem to be diversifying their portfolios after focusing for so long on the US markets, which have been driven by tech stocks and the artificial intelligence theme for several years now.
Economic data released in December confirmed the favourable scenario in the United States as the latest estimates put economic growth above expectations while inflation slowed sharply. The second estimate for third quarter growth came out well ahead of expectations, at 4,3%, while the consensus put annualised growth at 3,3%. Surprisingly strong growth in private consumption (3,5% versus a consensus of 2,7%) also allayed recent fears about its trend going forward.
Investors focused their attention on inflation, not hiding their concerns about the absence of data during the government shutdown. In November, inflation finally came out at "only" 2,7%, well below expectations of 3,1%. This reflects a month of rapid convergence towards the 2% target and seems to confirm the idea that the inflationary effect of tariffs is gradually fading.
Lastly, in the United States, the unemployment rate continued to rise slightly, reaching 4,6%. While the trend is worrying, the rise is only gradual, easing fears of a recession in the short term.
Against this backdrop, the Fed's latest rate cut decision in December was a close call. While the rise in unemployment was behind this decision, some Fed members expressed their discomfort at cutting rates while inflation is well above the target. For this reason, any forthcoming rate cuts will be decided with caution.
In Europe, activity picked up again in the third quarter, bringing growth to 0,3%. Private consumption and public spending have made economic activity more dynamic. Inflation stands at 2,1%. However, this alone was not enough for the European Central Bank (ECB) to resume its rate cuts. For the moment, it is satisfied with its position and has even sent out messages of caution regarding expectations of rate cuts.
With this in mind, sovereign yields rose overall over the month. For example, the US 10-year rate rose from 4,02% to 4,17%, while its German counterpart rose from 2,69% to 2,85%.
Geopolitics once again took centre stage at the start of the new year with the overthrow of the Maduro regime in Venezuela. The energy sector is expected to see the biggest impact due to the country's considerable reserves: the potential lifting of political sanctions and infrastructure renewal could add Venezuelan oil to global supply.
We adopted a pro-risk allocation for the end of 2025 and the new year: equities are overweighted, particularly via the United States and emerging markets, which provide exposure to the artificial intelligence theme. Biotechnology and US banks are among our
preferred segments. Bonds are underweight overall, with a preference for carry via corporate debt over sovereign rates and duration.
*Performances are calculated in euros.